AS214443 BEBYTE BE BYTE SRL

AS overview

Test target: 2a01:e600:100::103 · git.bebyte.it · address space: PA · prefixes announced: 1

prefix(es): 2a01:e600::/29

Targets & per-vantage-point probe results (1 target(s) across 3 vantage point(s))

Source codes (hover any badge for full description): CUR=curated · NS/SOA/MX=DNS records · SPF=SPF TXT · DRV=holder-derived (www, ns1, mail, gw, …) · ATL=RIPE Atlas · PDB=PeeringDB · WHOIS=RIPE whois · RDAP=RIPE RDAP · HIT=IPv6 Hitlist · RTR=in-prefix path hop (router) · PRB=static prefix probe · SYN=synthetic prefix::1 fallback

Target IP / hostname	Source	NL host (go6lab)					ITA host (Karsolink)					SLO host (6connect)
Target IP / hostname	Source	ping	1500B	:80	:443	reached	ping	1500B	:80	:443	reached	ping	1500B	:80	:443	reached
`2a01:e600:100::103` git.bebyte.it	drv	✓	✓	open	?	✓	✓	✓	open	refused	✓	✓	✓	open	refused	✓

MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO peering

MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO member - Selective peering, peering member, since 2024-10-31. IPv6 LAN: 2001:7f8:b:100:1d1:a521:4443:128. Locations: -.

RPKI & ASPA

1 of 1 prefix(es) covered by a valid ROA.

Prefix	RPKI state	Reason	Covering VRP(s)
`2a01:e600::/29`	✓ valid	matched VRP (correct origin, length within maxLength)	AS214443 /29 maxLen 29 (ripe)

ASPA: this AS has published an ASPA record listing 7 upstream provider(s) that are authorized to propagate routes from it: AS5405, AS35836, AS41327, AS50877, AS61968, AS196959, AS202056. Routes from this AS that arrive via any other upstream are considered ASPA-invalid by validators that enforce ASPA.

Random-IP probe (yarrp) into the AS' prefixes

We probed 15 arbitrary IPv6 address(es) inside AS214443's announced prefix(es). No router inside the prefix responded. The deepest visible hop was 2a11:4141:5002::13 at hop 13 - that router answers ICMPv6 Echo. This is not in AS214443's announced prefix; operationally it's the AS-edge / peering interface (often on an IXP peering address or an upstream's /127 link). The traceroute boundary is the AS edge: ICMPv6 Time-Exceeded responses from anything inside this AS are filtered.

ICMPv6 Type 2 (Packet Too Big) acceptance - active test

Vantage points disagree about Type 2 acceptance - transit ASes on one path may be filtering Type 2 even though the destination's stack accepts it on another path:

NL host (go6lab): Type 2 honored. Forged PTB accepted; next response shrunk. (ICMPv6 Echo + forged PTB)
ITA host (Karsolink): inconclusive: no Echo Reply to 1300-byte probe. (ICMPv6 Echo + forged PTB)
SLO host (6connect): Type 2 honored. Forged PTB accepted; next response shrunk. (ICMPv6 Echo + forged PTB)

Why they disagree - reachability mismatch: One vantage couldn't drive a flow at all to this destination (no Echo Reply or no responding TCP port), so the active test had no behavioural change to observe. The other vantage's verdict is the only meaningful one here.

Failure detail — what to grep in your logs

vantage	our source	your target	method	result	tested (UTC)
go6lab	`2a00:8642:42::75`	`2a01:e600:100::103`	`icmp6-echo`	honored	2026-05-30T12:43:38Z
karsolink	`2a12:d8c0:105a:9001::a154`	`2a01:e600:100::103`	`icmp6-echo`	no_echo	2026-05-30T12:48:40Z
odin	`2607:fae0:a000::42`	`2a01:e600:100::103`	`icmp6-echo`	honored	2026-05-30T12:43:27Z

Attempt log (go6lab):

icmp6-echo → honored (size_before=1460, size_after=None)
dns-tcp → no_tcp: connect failed: timed out
tls → no_tcp: TLS connect failed
http → inconclusive (size_before=295, size_after=None): natural max segment 295B already <= 1220B; nothing to shrink

Attempt log (karsolink):

icmp6-echo → no_echo: no Echo Reply to 1300-byte probe
dns-tcp → no_tcp: connect failed: [Errno 111] Connection refused
tls → no_tcp: TLS connect failed
http → inconclusive (size_before=295, size_after=None): natural max segment 295B already <= 1220B; nothing to shrink

Attempt log (odin):

icmp6-echo → honored (size_before=1460, size_after=None)
dns-tcp → no_tcp: connect failed: [Errno 111] Connection refused
tls → no_tcp: TLS connect failed
http → inconclusive (size_before=295, size_after=None): natural max segment 295B already <= 1220B; nothing to shrink

To match the corresponding ICMPv6 packet on your side (host firewall, AS edge, or transit tap), look for our PTBs around the timestamps above:

sudo tcpdump -i any -n -e 'icmp6 and ip6[40] = 2 and (src host 2607:fae0:a000::42 or src host 2a00:8642:42::75 or src host 2a12:d8c0:105a:9001::a154)'

If you see our PTBs arriving but the destination's TCP/Echo flow does not shrink, the drop is in the destination kernel (cause 3 below). If you don't see them at all, drop is upstream of you (cause 2). If you only see them from one of our two source IPs, the drop is path-asymmetric — one transit on the asymmetric route is filtering, the other is not.

Where the path divergence is

Per-vantage probe + verdict (headline):

go6lab: probe icmp6-echo → verdict honored
karsolink: probe icmp6-echo → verdict no_echo
odin: probe icmp6-echo → verdict honored

Full per-method matrix (all four methods run at each vantage):

vantage	icmp6-echo	dns-tcp	tls	http
go6lab	honored	no_tcp	no_tcp	inconclusive
karsolink	no_echo	no_tcp	no_tcp	inconclusive
odin	honored	no_tcp	no_tcp	inconclusive

✓ All vantages agree on method(s): icmp6-echo — the headline-method spread above is dispatcher noise, not a real Type 2 disagreement.

These vantage-level disagreements are rooted somewhere in the forward paths. Joining each per-vantage traceroute against the IP→AS lookup from our global yarrp mesh, the first hop where the paths land in different ASes is the most likely site of the offending filter / unreachable AS / Type 2 drop.

Suspect transit ASes (ranked by how often they appear at the divergence point on the path of the worse-classifying vantage): AS5405, AS214443, AS6939.

From go6lab (open/Type-2=honored) the path enters AS5405 at hop 6; from karsolink (open/Type-2=no_echo) the same hop is in AS214443. Last common AS: AS214443. The disagreement is most likely rooted in one of those two transit ASes.
From go6lab (open/Type-2=honored) the path enters AS5405 at hop 4; from odin (open/Type-2=honored) the same hop is in AS6939. Last common AS: AS214443. The disagreement is most likely rooted in one of those two transit ASes.
From karsolink (open/Type-2=no_echo) the path enters AS214443 at hop 6; from odin (open/Type-2=honored) the same hop is in AS6939. Last common AS: AS214443. The disagreement is most likely rooted in one of those two transit ASes.

Diagnosis is path-level, not packet-level: it tells you which transit AS is the prime suspect, not exactly which firewall rule is to blame. Use the tracepath6 output below (when available) for per-hop PMTU evidence on the same path.

✨ Diagnostic interpretation

An operator-targeted diagnostic interpretation can be generated for this AS on demand. The pipeline holds the raw verdicts and the per-hop walk; an AI pass synthesises where to start looking. Click the button below to run it.

Per-hop PTB acceptance walk

From the local vantage, we walk the forward path hop-by-hop, sending each hop a 1500-byte ICMPv6 Echo, then a forged PTB (MTU=1280) sourced from us, then another 1500-byte Echo. If the second reply arrives fragmented or smaller, that hop honoured the PTB. If unchanged, it didn't. The first ✗ in an otherwise-✓ path is the most likely filter location. Cross-country aggregation: see the global PTB filter atlas for transit ASes ranked by filter rate across all measurements.

#	hop IP	AS	Holder	PTB acceptance
1	2607:fae0:a000::2	AS8038	6CONNECT - 6connect, Inc., US	- skipped (CoPP)
2	*	-		- (no IP)
3	2a03:a100:0:201:1::1	AS56635	XENYA - XENYA inzeniring, proizvodnja in	✓ honored
4	2001:470:1:5be::1	AS6939	HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US	? no_response
5	*	-		- (no IP)
6	2001:470:0:2ea::2	AS6939	HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US	? no_response
7	*	-		- (no IP)
8	2001:7f8:b:100:1d1:a521:4443:128	-	NA	? no_response
9	2a01:e600:100::1	AS214443	BEBYTE - BE BYTE SRL, IT	? no_response
10	2a01:e600:100::103	AS214443	BEBYTE - BE BYTE SRL, IT	? no_response

Tests host-mode PTB acceptance (PTBs aimed at the hop itself). A router that honours PTBs to itself can still be filtering PTBs transiting through it; this is one indicator, not proof of full PTB transparency. Hops in CoPP-rate-limit ranges are skipped to avoid false signals.

From NL host (go6lab) openRFC 4890 ✓

filter likely at: (none) · min PMTU on path: 1500

4/4

Echo small (56B) 24.7ms

4/4

Echo 1500B (DF) 24.4ms

yes

Type 1 dest-unreach

TCP responds on

Path (traceroute + mtr + PTR)

#	IP / PTR	RTT	mtr loss	AS	AS holder
1	2a00:8642:42::3	1.0ms	0%	AS203993	STEFFANN-DC-AS - S.J.M. Steffann, NL
2	gw.friends.steffann.nl 2a00:8642:1000:f000::1	2.1ms	0%*	AS203993	STEFFANN-DC-AS - S.J.M. Steffann, NL
3	speed-ix.inter.link 2001:7f8:b7::a500:5405:1	2.6ms	0%	-	NA
4	r4-ams1-nl.as5405.net 2a11:4140::10	19.4ms	0%	AS5405	INTERDOTLINK - Inter.link GmbH, DE
5	r6-ams1-nl.as5405.net 2a11:4140::54	19.1ms	0%	AS5405	INTERDOTLINK - Inter.link GmbH, DE
6	r4-fra3-de.as5405.net 2a11:4140::37	19.3ms	0%	AS5405	INTERDOTLINK - Inter.link GmbH, DE
7	r3-fra2-de.as5405.net 2a11:4140::a	18.6ms	0%	AS5405	INTERDOTLINK - Inter.link GmbH, DE
8	r4-fra2-de.as5405.net 2a11:4140::b	19.1ms	0%	AS5405	INTERDOTLINK - Inter.link GmbH, DE
9	r7-fra1-de.as5405.net 2a11:4140::4c	19.4ms	0%	AS5405	INTERDOTLINK - Inter.link GmbH, DE
10	r3-fra1-de.as5405.net 2a11:4140::6	19.5ms	0%	AS5405	INTERDOTLINK - Inter.link GmbH, DE
11	r1-zrh1-ch.as5405.net 2a11:4140::25	19.4ms	0%	AS5405	INTERDOTLINK - Inter.link GmbH, DE
12	r1-mil1-it.as5405.net 2a11:4140::29	19.2ms	0%	AS5405	INTERDOTLINK - Inter.link GmbH, DE
13	2a11:4141:5002::13	25.5ms	0%	AS5405	INTERDOTLINK - Inter.link GmbH, DE
14	services-01.it.pda.vsx.6.as214443.net 2a01:e600:100::1	24.4ms	0%	AS214443	BEBYTE - BE BYTE SRL, IT
15	containers-01.bebyte.it 2a01:e600:100::103	24.2ms	0%	AS214443	BEBYTE - BE BYTE SRL, IT

tracepath -6

 1?: [LOCALHOST]                        0.031ms pmtu 1500
 1:  2a00:8642:42::3                                       1.555ms 
 1:  2a00:8642:42::3                                       1.235ms 
 2:  gw.friends.steffann.nl                                2.419ms 
 3:  speed-ix.inter.link                                   3.660ms asymm  4 
 4:  r4-ams1-nl.as5405.net                                19.466ms asymm 21 
 5:  r6-ams1-nl.as5405.net                                19.927ms asymm 20 
 6:  r4-fra3-de.as5405.net                                19.376ms asymm 19 
 7:  r3-fra2-de.as5405.net                                19.525ms asymm 18 
 8:  r4-fra2-de.as5405.net                                19.732ms asymm 17 
 9:  r7-fra1-de.as5405.net                                19.425ms asymm 16 
10:  r3-fra1-de.as5405.net                                19.628ms asymm 15 
11:  r1-zrh1-ch.as5405.net                                19.425ms asymm 14 
12:  r1-mil1-it.as5405.net                                19.293ms asymm 13 
13:  2a11:4141:5002::13                                   25.298ms 
14:  services-01.it.pda.vsx.6.as214443.net                25.282ms 
15:  containers-01.bebyte.it                              25.164ms reached
     Resume: pmtu 1500 hops 15 back 15

From ITA host (Karsolink) open

filter likely at: (none) · min PMTU on path: 1500

4/4

Echo small (56B) 3.7ms

4/4

Echo 1500B (DF) 3.7ms

yes

Type 1 dest-unreach

443,80

TCP responds on

Path (traceroute + mtr + PTR)

#	IP / PTR	RTT	mtr loss	AS	AS holder
1	*	-	0%*	-
2	2a12:d8c0:109f:121::a1	0.4ms	0%*	AS204471	KARSOLINK - 2S Computers SRL, IT
3	2a12:d8c0:109f:106::a2	3.1ms	0%	AS204471	KARSOLINK - 2S Computers SRL, IT
4	2a12:d8c0:1a1::a2	3.5ms	0%	AS204471	KARSOLINK - 2S Computers SRL, IT
5	2a0a:f980:1:10b::2	3.6ms	0%	AS50877	AIRBEAM-AS - Airbeam S.r.l., IT
6	services-01.it.pda.vsx.6.as214443.net 2a01:e600:100::1	3.3ms	0%	AS214443	BEBYTE - BE BYTE SRL, IT
7	containers-01.bebyte.it 2a01:e600:100::103	3.5ms	0%	AS214443	BEBYTE - BE BYTE SRL, IT

tracepath -6

 1?: [LOCALHOST]                        0.030ms pmtu 1500
 1:  karsolink-01.net.karsolink.com                        0.567ms 
 1:  karsolink-01.net.karsolink.com                        0.730ms 
 2:  2a12:d8c0:109f:121::a1                                1.048ms 
 3:  2a12:d8c0:109f:106::a2                                3.659ms 
 4:  2a12:d8c0:1a1::a2                                     3.941ms 
 5:  2a0a:f980:1:10b::2                                    4.018ms 
 6:  services-01.it.pda.vsx.6.as214443.net                 3.915ms 
 7:  containers-01.bebyte.it                               4.179ms reached
     Resume: pmtu 1500 hops 7 back 7

From SLO host (6connect) openRFC 4890 ✓

filter likely at: (none) · min PMTU on path: 1500

4/4

Echo small (56B) 16.6ms

4/4

Echo 1500B (DF) 16.8ms

yes

Type 1 dest-unreach

443,80

TCP responds on

Path (traceroute + mtr + PTR)

#	IP / PTR	RTT	mtr loss	AS	AS holder
1	fw1-lju.6connect.com 2607:fae0:a000::2	0.2ms	0%*	AS8038	6CONNECT - 6connect, Inc., US
2	*	-	0%*	-
3	2a03:a100:0:201:1::1	0.7ms	-	AS56635	XENYA - XENYA inzeniring, proizvodnja in trgovina, d.o.o. Ljubljana, SI
4	e0-1.core1.lju1.he.net 2001:470:1:5be::1	2.0ms	60%	AS6939	HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US
5	*	-	-	-
6	port-channel1.core1.zag2.he.net 2001:470:0:2ea::2	4.1ms	0%	AS6939	HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US
7	*	-	-	-
8	bebyte-AS214443.mix-it.net @MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO 2001:7f8:b:100:1d1:a521:4443:128	16.6ms	0%	-	NA
9	services-01.it.pda.vsx.6.as214443.net 2a01:e600:100::1	16.2ms	0%	AS214443	BEBYTE - BE BYTE SRL, IT
10	containers-01.bebyte.it 2a01:e600:100::103	16.1ms	0%	AS214443	BEBYTE - BE BYTE SRL, IT

Rate-limited ICMPv6: hop 4 (loss between 5% and 95% across mtr cycles - the router replies but only sometimes).

tracepath -6

 1?: [LOCALHOST]                        0.036ms pmtu 1500
 1:  fw1-lju.6connect.com                                  0.569ms 
 1:  fw1-lju.6connect.com                                  0.499ms 
 2:  no reply
 3:  2a03:a100:0:201:1::1                                  0.969ms 
 4:  e0-1.core1.lju1.he.net                                1.974ms 
 5:  no reply
 6:  port-channel1.core1.zag2.he.net                       5.102ms 
 7:  no reply
 8:  bebyte-AS214443.mix-it.net                           16.370ms 
 9:  services-01.it.pda.vsx.6.as214443.net                16.203ms 
10:  containers-01.bebyte.it                              16.531ms reached
     Resume: pmtu 1500 hops 10 back 10