Topology - Italy IPv6 infrastructure

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Interactive D3 force-directed graph with anchored gravity: MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO is pinned at the centre, international transit nodes are pulled to the upper half, Italian operators sit in a soft inner orbit, leaf customers gravitate toward their primary upstream. Drag any node; scroll to zoom; hover to highlight neighbours.

Address-space marker: Provider Aggregatable (PA) nodes - typically LIR allocations or sub-allocations from an upstream - are drawn noticeably larger, with no outer ring. Mixed nodes (announce both PI and PA prefixes) are slightly smaller, with a purple dash-dot outer ring. Provider Independent (PI) nodes are the smallest, with a dashed orange outer ring.

Data: topology_c_data.json. Click an AS box to open its detail page.

Legend - what node colors, ring styles, and edge styles mean

Node colors (RFC 4890 verdict + ICMPv6 classification)

  • RFC 4890 ✓ compliant - the active Type 2 (Packet Too Big) test proved the destination accepts and acts on a forged ICMPv6 PTB. PMTUD works.
  • RFC 4890 ✗ violation - Type 2 NOT honored, or path provably broken (small ping passes, 1500-byte ping with DF silently fails - someone drops Type 2).
  • open - small Echo + 1500 B Echo both work, but the active Type 2 test hasn't reached a definitive verdict yet (no badge).
  • echo only - small ping passes, 1500 B does not. Path-MTU constraint with broken PMTUD signaling.
  • blocked at AS edge - ICMPv6 blocked but TCP responds, OR every probed host inside the AS' prefix is silent (filter at AS edge).
  • transit only unreachable / unknown - the path went silent before reaching the destination AS, so we can't classify the destination's behaviour.
  • foreign transit AS - non-Italian AS shown because it's adjacent to at least one Italian AS in our path data (e.g. Cogent, Telia, HE, DTAG…).
  • MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO bus - the IXP fabric itself. MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO members are drawn around it; the AS-A→MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO→AS-B path replaces what would otherwise be a misleading direct line.

Node size (importance / role)

  • MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO bus (largest) - central IXP fabric.
  • major Italian ISP / operator - ASes that act as transit for several Italian customers.
  • leaf Italian AS - customer / enterprise ASes with one or two upstreams.
  • foreign transit - smaller still (helps Italian nodes pop visually).

Outer ring (address-space type, D3 view)

  • PA (Provider Aggregatable) - no outer ring. AS holds prefixes sub-allocated by an upstream LIR.
  • PI (Provider Independent) - orange dashed ring. AS holds an allocation directly from a RIR.
  • mixed - purple dash-dot ring. AS holds both PA and PI prefixes.

Edge styles (D3 view)

  • BGP transit at MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO (green, solid) - the MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO route-server learned that this AS announces routes through that upstream-AS at MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO. Authoritative BGP-truth from IXP Manager.
  • observed via yarrp mesh (blue, dashed) - we saw two consecutive responsive hops on a yarrp path, the first inside this AS and the second inside that AS. Direct observation, but the link's BGP-relationship type isn't known to us.
  • MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO membership (purple, dashed) - this AS has an active route-server session on the MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO peering LAN (member ↔ MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO bus).
  • BGP adjacency observed at 6connect LJU FRR + Karsolink ITA FRR (merged adjacencies) (gold, solid) - control-plane signal from a Italian-vantage router with full IPv6 BGP feeds. Reveals Italian customer/peer relationships (e.g. enterprise ASes buying transit from a Italian ISP) that don't appear in the data plane because BGP routes them via private peering invisible to traceroute. Included only when no stronger signal exists.
  • BGP adjacency observed at RouteViews (amber, dashed) - AS-adjacency seen in a third-party global BGP collector's full IPv6 RIB (currently the AMS-IX collector at archive.routeviews.org). Catches Italian AS upstreams and IXP peers that neither yarrp nor the 6connect LJU FRR + Karsolink ITA FRR (merged adjacencies) feed exposes. Included only when no stronger signal exists.
  • RIS-only BGP fallback (grey, dotted) - the RIPE RIS BGP table lists this adjacency but our yarrp paths haven't observed it. Lower confidence; included only when no stronger signal exists for that AS pair.

What's intentionally NOT drawn

  • Direct AS-A ↔ AS-B lines between two MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO members when every observed hop crossed the MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO peering LAN: the relationship is already visible via the central MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO bus, so we drop the duplicate to reduce clutter.
  • AS-edges inferred across a TTL gap: if yarrp didn't observe consecutive hops we don't know which AS sat in between, so we skip rather than fabricate the edge.
  • The IXP-fabric AS: the central MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO bus already represents it; showing the fabric AS separately would just create a confusing pair of nodes.