Topology - Italy IPv6 infrastructure

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Interactive D3 force-directed graph with anchored gravity: MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO is pinned at the centre, international transit nodes are pulled to the upper half, Italian operators sit in a soft inner orbit, leaf customers gravitate toward their primary upstream. Drag any node; scroll to zoom; hover to highlight neighbours.

Address-space marker: Provider Aggregatable (PA) nodes - typically LIR allocations or sub-allocations from an upstream - are drawn noticeably larger, with no outer ring. Mixed nodes (announce both PI and PA prefixes) are slightly smaller, with a purple dash-dot outer ring. Provider Independent (PI) nodes are the smallest, with a dashed orange outer ring.

Data: topology_c_data.json. Click an AS box to open its detail page.

Legend - what node colors, ring styles, and edge styles mean

Node colors (RFC 4890 verdict + ICMPv6 classification)

  • RFC 4890 ✓ compliant - the active Type 2 (Packet Too Big) test proved the destination accepts and acts on a forged ICMPv6 PTB. PMTUD works.
  • RFC 4890 ✗ violation - Type 2 NOT honored, or path provably broken (small ping passes, 1500-byte ping with DF silently fails - someone drops Type 2).
  • open - small Echo + 1500 B Echo both work, but the active Type 2 test hasn't reached a definitive verdict yet (no badge).
  • echo only - small ping passes, 1500 B does not. Path-MTU constraint with broken PMTUD signaling.
  • blocked at AS edge - ICMPv6 blocked but TCP responds, OR every probed host inside the AS' prefix is silent (filter at AS edge).
  • transit only unreachable / unknown - the path went silent before reaching the destination AS, so we can't classify the destination's behaviour.
  • foreign transit AS - non-Italian AS shown because it's adjacent to at least one Italian AS in our path data (e.g. Cogent, Telia, HE, DTAG…).
  • MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO bus - the IXP fabric itself. MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO members are drawn around it; the AS-A→MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO→AS-B path replaces what would otherwise be a misleading direct line.

Node size (importance / role)

  • MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO bus (largest) - central IXP fabric.
  • major Italian ISP / operator - ASes that act as transit for several Italian customers.
  • leaf Italian AS - customer / enterprise ASes with one or two upstreams.
  • foreign transit - smaller still (helps Italian nodes pop visually).

Outer ring (address-space type, D3 view)

  • PA (Provider Aggregatable) - no outer ring. AS holds prefixes sub-allocated by an upstream LIR.
  • PI (Provider Independent) - orange dashed ring. AS holds an allocation directly from a RIR.
  • mixed - purple dash-dot ring. AS holds both PA and PI prefixes.

Edge styles (D3 view)

  • BGP transit at MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO (green, solid) - the MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO route-server learned that this AS announces routes through that upstream-AS at MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO. Authoritative BGP-truth from IXP Manager.
  • observed via yarrp mesh (blue, dashed) - we saw two consecutive responsive hops on a yarrp path, the first inside this AS and the second inside that AS. Direct observation, but the link's BGP-relationship type isn't known to us.
  • MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO membership (purple, dashed) - this AS has an active route-server session on the MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO peering LAN (member ↔ MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO bus).
  • BGP adjacency observed at 6connect LJU FRR + Karsolink ITA FRR (merged adjacencies) (gold, solid) - control-plane signal from an Italian-vantage router with full IPv6 BGP feeds. Reveals Italian customer/peer relationships (e.g. enterprise ASes buying transit from an Italian ISP) that don't appear in the data plane because BGP routes them via private peering invisible to traceroute. Included only when no stronger signal exists.
  • BGP adjacency observed at RouteViews (amber, dashed) - AS-adjacency seen in a third-party global BGP collector's full IPv6 RIB (currently the AMS-IX collector at archive.routeviews.org). Catches Italian AS upstreams and IXP peers that neither yarrp nor the 6connect LJU FRR + Karsolink ITA FRR (merged adjacencies) feed exposes. Included only when no stronger signal exists.
  • RIS-only BGP fallback (grey, dotted) - the RIPE RIS BGP table lists this adjacency but our yarrp paths haven't observed it. Lower confidence; included only when no stronger signal exists for that AS pair.

What's intentionally NOT drawn

  • Direct AS-A ↔ AS-B lines between two MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO members when every observed hop crossed the MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO peering LAN: the relationship is already visible via the central MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO bus, so we drop the duplicate to reduce clutter.
  • AS-edges inferred across a TTL gap: if yarrp didn't observe consecutive hops we don't know which AS sat in between, so we skip rather than fabricate the edge.
  • The IXP-fabric AS: the central MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VMIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO bus already represents it; showing the fabric AS separately would just create a confusing pair of nodes.