AS8265 - FASTNET-BKB-ASN FASTNET S.R.LPARFC 4890 ✓RPKI ✓ 3/3ASPA ✓

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AS overview

Test target: 2a02:2888:8265:192::2 · alpha-leo.fastnet.eu · address space: PA · prefixes announced: 3

prefix(es): 2a02:2888::/33, 2a02:2888::/32, 2a02:2888:8000::/33

Targets & per-vantage-point probe results (6 target(s) across 3 vantage point(s))

Source codes (hover any badge for full description): CUR=curated · NS/SOA/MX=DNS records · SPF=SPF TXT · DRV=holder-derived (www, ns1, mail, gw, …) · ATL=RIPE Atlas · PDB=PeeringDB · WHOIS=RIPE whois · RDAP=RIPE RDAP · HIT=IPv6 Hitlist · RTR=in-prefix path hop (router) · PRB=static prefix probe · SYN=synthetic prefix::1 fallback

Target IP / hostnameSourceNL host (go6lab)ITA host (Karsolink)SLO host (6connect)
ping1500B:80:443reachedping1500B:80:443reachedping1500B:80:443reached
2a02:2888:8265:192::1
dns2.fastnet.it
drv??-??-??-
2a02:2888:8265:192::17
gamma.fastnet.eu
NS??-??-??-
2a02:2888:8265:192::2
alpha-leo.fastnet.eu
NS??-??-??-
2a02:2888:8265:193::252
rigel.fastnet.eu
MX??-??-??-
2a02:2888:8265:193::253
beta-leo.fastnet.eu
NS??-??-??-
2a02:2888:8265:193::36
fastnet.it
drvopenopen-openopen-openopen-

MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO peering

MIX-IT / NAMEX / MINAP / TOP-IX / VSIX / EQUINIX-MILAN / BGPX-ROME / NAMEX-BARI / PCIX / DECIX-PALERMO member - Open peering, peering member, since 2013-05-28. IPv6 LAN: 2001:7f8:b:100:1d1:a5d0:8265:85. Locations: -.

RPKI & ASPA

3 of 3 prefix(es) covered by a valid ROA.

PrefixRPKI stateReasonCovering VRP(s)
2a02:2888::/33✓ validmatched VRP (correct origin, length within maxLength)AS8265 /32 maxLen 48 (ripe)
2a02:2888::/32✓ validmatched VRP (correct origin, length within maxLength)AS8265 /32 maxLen 48 (ripe)
2a02:2888:8000::/33✓ validmatched VRP (correct origin, length within maxLength)AS8265 /32 maxLen 48 (ripe)

ASPA: this AS has published an ASPA record listing 2 upstream provider(s) that are authorized to propagate routes from it: AS6453, AS51569. Routes from this AS that arrive via any other upstream are considered ASPA-invalid by validators that enforce ASPA.

Random-IP probe (yarrp) into the AS' prefixes

At least one router inside AS8265's announced prefix replied during the random-target probe. Hop(s): 2a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:105, 2a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:106, 2a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:1. These are candidate targets for direct testing.

ICMPv6 Type 2 (Packet Too Big) acceptance - active test

Vantage points disagree about Type 2 acceptance - transit ASes on one path may be filtering Type 2 even though the destination's stack accepts it on another path:

Why they disagree - reachability mismatch: One vantage couldn't drive a flow at all to this destination (no Echo Reply or no responding TCP port), so the active test had no behavioural change to observe. The other vantage's verdict is the only meaningful one here.

Failure detail — what to grep in your logs
vantageour sourceyour targetmethodresulttested (UTC)
go6lab2a00:8642:42::752a02:2888:8265:192::2icmp6-echohonored2026-05-30T12:44:05Z
karsolink2a12:d8c0:105a:9001::a1542a02:2888:8265:192::2icmp6-echono_echo2026-05-30T12:50:01Z
odin2607:fae0:a000::422a02:2888:8265:192::2icmp6-echohonored2026-05-30T12:43:54Z

Attempt log (go6lab):

  1. icmp6-echohonored (size_before=1460, size_after=None)
  2. dns-tcpinconclusive (size_before=156, size_after=None): max DNS-over-TCP segment 156B; not big enough to test PMTU shrink
  3. tlsno_tcp: TLS connect failed
  4. httpno_tcp: tcp/80 not open

Attempt log (karsolink):

  1. icmp6-echono_echo: no Echo Reply to 1300-byte probe
  2. dns-tcpinconclusive (size_before=156, size_after=None): max DNS-over-TCP segment 156B; not big enough to test PMTU shrink
  3. tlsno_tcp: TLS connect failed
  4. httpno_tcp: tcp/80 not open

Attempt log (odin):

  1. icmp6-echohonored (size_before=1460, size_after=None)
  2. dns-tcpinconclusive (size_before=156, size_after=None): max DNS-over-TCP segment 156B; not big enough to test PMTU shrink
  3. tlsno_tcp: TLS connect failed
  4. httpno_tcp: tcp/80 not open

To match the corresponding ICMPv6 packet on your side (host firewall, AS edge, or transit tap), look for our PTBs around the timestamps above:

sudo tcpdump -i any -n -e 'icmp6 and ip6[40] = 2 and (src host 2607:fae0:a000::42 or src host 2a00:8642:42::75 or src host 2a12:d8c0:105a:9001::a154)'

If you see our PTBs arriving but the destination's TCP/Echo flow does not shrink, the drop is in the destination kernel (cause 3 below). If you don't see them at all, drop is upstream of you (cause 2). If you only see them from one of our two source IPs, the drop is path-asymmetric — one transit on the asymmetric route is filtering, the other is not.

Where the path divergence is

Per-vantage probe + verdict (headline):

Full per-method matrix (all four methods run at each vantage):

vantageicmp6-echodns-tcptlshttp
go6labhonoredinconclusiveno_tcpno_tcp
karsolinkno_echoinconclusiveno_tcpno_tcp
odinhonoredinconclusiveno_tcpno_tcp

✓ All vantages agree on method(s): icmp6-echo — the headline-method spread above is dispatcher noise, not a real Type 2 disagreement.

These vantage-level disagreements are rooted somewhere in the forward paths. Joining each per-vantage traceroute against the IP→AS lookup from our global yarrp mesh, the first hop where the paths land in different ASes is the most likely site of the offending filter / unreachable AS / Type 2 drop.

Suspect transit ASes (ranked by how often they appear at the divergence point on the path of the worse-classifying vantage): AS174, AS1299, AS50673.

Diagnosis is path-level, not packet-level: it tells you which transit AS is the prime suspect, not exactly which firewall rule is to blame. Use the tracepath6 output below (when available) for per-hop PMTU evidence on the same path.

Diagnostic interpretation

An operator-targeted diagnostic interpretation can be generated for this AS on demand. The pipeline holds the raw verdicts and the per-hop walk; an AI pass synthesises where to start looking. Click the button below to run it.

Per-hop PTB acceptance walk

From the local vantage, we walk the forward path hop-by-hop, sending each hop a 1500-byte ICMPv6 Echo, then a forged PTB (MTU=1280) sourced from us, then another 1500-byte Echo. If the second reply arrives fragmented or smaller, that hop honoured the PTB. If unchanged, it didn't. The first ✗ in an otherwise-✓ path is the most likely filter location. Cross-country aggregation: see the global PTB filter atlas for transit ASes ranked by filter rate across all measurements.

First break at hop 8: AS1299 (TWELVE99 - Arelion Sweden AB, SE) -- this is the most likely site of the offending PTB filter. Hop IP: 2001:2035:0:26bf::1.

#hop IPASHolderPTB acceptance
12607:fae0:a000::2AS80386CONNECT - 6connect, Inc., US- skipped (CoPP)
22607:fae0:a000:2::2AS80386CONNECT - 6connect, Inc., US- skipped (CoPP)
32a03:a100:0:201:1::1AS56635XENYA - XENYA inzeniring, proizvodnja in✓ honored
42001:470:1:5be::1AS6939HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US? no_response
52001:470:0:578::1AS6939HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US? no_response
62001:470:0:7ef::1AS6939HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US? no_response
72001:470:e:5a::2AS6939HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US? no_response
82001:2035:0:26bf::1AS1299TWELVE99 - Arelion Sweden AB, SE✗ not_honored
92001:2034:a:1e3-- (invalid IP)
102001:2034:a:36c::1AS1299TWELVE99 - Arelion Sweden AB, SE✗ not_honored
112a05:b580:1000:1:1200::2AS51569FIBERING - Fiberwide S.p.a., IT? no_response
122a05:b580:1000:1:1200::2AS51569FIBERING - Fiberwide S.p.a., IT? no_response
132a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:106AS8265FASTNET-BKB-ASN - FASTNET S.R.L., IT? no_response
142a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:105AS8265FASTNET-BKB-ASN - FASTNET S.R.L., IT? no_response
15*-- (no IP)
16*-- (no IP)
17*-- (no IP)
18*-- (no IP)
19*-- (no IP)
20*-- (no IP)
21*-- (no IP)
22*-- (no IP)
23*-- (no IP)
24*-- (no IP)

Tests host-mode PTB acceptance (PTBs aimed at the hop itself). A router that honours PTBs to itself can still be filtering PTBs transiting through it; this is one indicator, not proof of full PTB transparency. Hops in CoPP-rate-limit ranges are skipped to avoid false signals.

tracepath6 per-hop PMTU drilldown

For each target where Type 2 verdicts disagreed across vantages, tracepath -6 ran from every vantage to capture per-hop PMTU evolution along that vantage's actual forward path. A pmtu change entry on a hop means that hop's router generated a PTB and we observed the shrink; absence of any change combined with a not_honored verdict suggests a router somewhere downstream is silently dropping >MTU packets (an RFC 4890 violation) rather than sending a PTB.

Target 2a02:2888:8265:193::36

go6lab — verdict honored

verdict = honored; final pmtu = 1500

#hop IPpmtu change
1<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
22a00:8642:1000:f000::1
32a00:1ca8:1::194
42a03:3f40::10:41
5<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
6<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
72001:978:3::26
82001:2034:a:2f4::
9<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
102a05:b580:1000:1:1200::2
112a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:1
122a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:106
132a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:1
142a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:105
152a02:2888:8265:209:be24:11ff:fed7:79a7
16<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
17<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
18<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
19<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
20<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
21<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
22<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
23<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
24<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
karsolink — verdict not_honored

verdict = not_honored; final pmtu = 1500

#hop IPpmtu change
1<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
22a12:d8c0:109f:121::a1
32a12:d8c0:101f:6::1
42a03:b020:1:51::a
52a03:b020::225
62001:2035:0:19e1::1
72001:2035:0:c80::2
82a05:b580:1000:1:1100::2
92a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:1
102a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:105
112a02:2888:8265:209:be24:11ff:fed7:79a7
12<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
13<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
14<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
15<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
16<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
17<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
18<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
19<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
20<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
21<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
22<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
23<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
24<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
odin — verdict honored

verdict = honored; final pmtu = 1500

#hop IPpmtu change
1<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
22607:fae0:a000:2::2
32a03:a100:0:201:1::1
42001:470:1:5be::1
52001:470:0:578::1
62001:470:0:7ef::1
72001:470:e:5a::2
82001:2035:0:26bf::1
92001:2034:a:1e3::
102001:2034:a:1d7::1
112001:2035:0:c80::2
122a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:1
132a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:1
142a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:106
152a02:2888:8265:209:be24:11ff:fed7:79a7
16<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
17<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
18<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
19<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
20<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
21<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
22<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
23<span class='muted'>no reply</span>
24<span class='muted'>no reply</span>

From NL host (go6lab)   openRFC 4890 ✓

filter likely at: (none) · min PMTU on path: 1500

4/4
Echo small (56B) 35.4ms
4/4
Echo 1500B (DF) 35.2ms
no
Type 1 dest-unreach
-
TCP responds on

Path (traceroute + mtr + PTR)

#IP / PTRRTTmtr lossASAS holder
12a00:8642:42::30.8ms0%AS203993STEFFANN-DC-AS - S.J.M. Steffann, NL
2*-0%*-
32a00:1ca8:1::1942.1ms0%AS50673Serverius-as - Serverius Holding B.V., NL
42a03:3f40::10:412.4ms0%AS50673Serverius-as - Serverius Holding B.V., NL
5*---
6*-80%-
72001:978:3::ca3.9ms0%AS174COGENT-174 - Cogent Communications, LLC, US
82001:2034:a:17a3.7ms0%-
9*---
10mno-b3-link.ip.twelve99.net
2001:2034:a:122::1
29.0ms0%AS1299TWELVE99 - Arelion Sweden AB, SE
11fiberwidespa-ic-384502.ip.twelve99-cust.net
2001:2035:0:c80::2
29.5ms0%AS1299TWELVE99 - Arelion Sweden AB, SE
122a05:b580:1000:1:1200::228.9ms0%AS51569FIBERING - Fiberwide S.p.a., IT
132a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:139.8ms0%AS8265FASTNET-BKB-ASN - FASTNET S.R.L., IT
14if-vl5-tejat-dist-an.fastnet.it
2a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:106
46.2ms0%AS8265FASTNET-BKB-ASN - FASTNET S.R.L., IT
15*---
16*---
17*---
18*---
19*---
20*---
21*---
22*---
23*---
24*---

Rate-limited ICMPv6: hop 6 (loss between 5% and 95% across mtr cycles - the router replies but only sometimes).

tracepath -6

 1?: [LOCALHOST]                        0.039ms pmtu 1500
 1:  2a00:8642:42::3                                       1.823ms 
 1:  2a00:8642:42::3                                       2.477ms 
 2:  no reply
 3:  2a00:1ca8:1::194                                      3.656ms 
 4:  2a03:3f40::10:41                                      3.898ms 
 5:  no reply
 6:  no reply
 7:  2001:978:3::ca                                        4.942ms asymm  6 
 8:  adm-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net                          4.251ms asymm  7 
 9:  no reply
10:  2a05:b580:1000:1:1200::2                             31.631ms asymm 11 
11:  fiberwidespa-ic-384502.ip.twelve99-cust.net          31.645ms asymm 10 
12:  if-vl5-diosocuri-dist-an.fastnet.it                  38.030ms asymm 11 
13:  2a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:1                        36.747ms asymm 10 
14:  no reply
15:  2a02:2888:8265:209::212                              36.380ms asymm 13 
16:  no reply
17:  no reply
18:  no reply
19:  no reply
20:  no reply
21:  no reply
22:  no reply
23:  no reply
24:  no reply
     Too many hops: pmtu 1500
     Resume: pmtu 1500 

From ITA host (Karsolink)   open

filter likely at: (none) · min PMTU on path: 1500

4/4
Echo small (56B) 24.3ms
4/4
Echo 1500B (DF) 24.4ms
no
Type 1 dest-unreach
-
TCP responds on

Path (traceroute + mtr + PTR)

#IP / PTRRTTmtr lossASAS holder
1*-0%*-
2*---
3*-90%-
42a03:b020:1:51::a10.2ms0%AS41327FIBERTELECOM-AS - Fiber Telecom S.p.A., IT
52a03:b020::22510.3ms0%AS41327FIBERTELECOM-AS - Fiber Telecom S.p.A., IT
6mno-b3-link.ip.twelve99.net
2001:2035:0:19e1::1
10.4ms0%AS1299TWELVE99 - Arelion Sweden AB, SE
7fiberwidespa-ic-384502.ip.twelve99-cust.net
2001:2035:0:c80::2
10.2ms0%AS1299TWELVE99 - Arelion Sweden AB, SE
82a05:b580:1000:1:1100::210.2ms0%AS51569FIBERING - Fiberwide S.p.a., IT
92a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:125.2ms0%AS8265FASTNET-BKB-ASN - FASTNET S.R.L., IT
10if-vl5-tejat-dist-an.fastnet.it
2a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:106
26.1ms0%AS8265FASTNET-BKB-ASN - FASTNET S.R.L., IT
112a02:2888:8265:209::21224.0ms0%AS8265FASTNET-BKB-ASN - FASTNET S.R.L., IT
12*-0%-
13*---
14*---
15*---
16*---
17*---
18*---
19*---
20*---
21*---
22*---
23*---
24*---

Rate-limited ICMPv6: hop 3 (loss between 5% and 95% across mtr cycles - the router replies but only sometimes).

tracepath -6

 1?: [LOCALHOST]                        0.030ms pmtu 1500
 1:  karsolink-01.net.karsolink.com                        0.949ms 
 1:  karsolink-01.net.karsolink.com                        1.103ms 
 2:  2a12:d8c0:109f:121::a1                                1.212ms 
 3:  2a12:d8c0:101f:6::1                                  10.452ms 
 4:  2a03:b020:1:51::a                                    10.675ms 
 5:  2a03:b020::225                                       11.040ms asymm  6 
 6:  mno-b3-link.ip.twelve99.net                          11.906ms asymm  7 
 7:  fiberwidespa-ic-384502.ip.twelve99-cust.net          10.797ms asymm  8 
 8:  2a05:b580:1000:1:1200::2                             11.193ms asymm  9 
 9:  2a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:1                        25.849ms asymm  5 
10:  if-vl5-tejat-dist-an.fastnet.it                      30.052ms asymm  5 
11:  2a02:2888:8265:209::212                              24.590ms asymm  7 
12:  no reply
13:  no reply
14:  no reply
15:  no reply
16:  no reply
17:  no reply
18:  no reply
19:  no reply
20:  no reply
21:  no reply
22:  no reply
23:  no reply
24:  no reply
     Too many hops: pmtu 1500
     Resume: pmtu 1500 

From SLO host (6connect)   openRFC 4890 ✓

filter likely at: (none) · min PMTU on path: 1500

4/4
Echo small (56B) 32.0ms
3/4
Echo 1500B (DF) 32.3ms
no
Type 1 dest-unreach
-
TCP responds on

Path (traceroute + mtr + PTR)

#IP / PTRRTTmtr lossASAS holder
1fw1-lju.6connect.com
2607:fae0:a000::2
0.3ms0%*AS80386CONNECT - 6connect, Inc., US
2ccr-to-fw-ccr1-gw-lju.6connect.com
2607:fae0:a000:2::2
0.4ms0%*AS80386CONNECT - 6connect, Inc., US
32a03:a100:0:201:1::10.9ms60%AS56635XENYA - XENYA inzeniring, proizvodnja in trgovina, d.o.o. Ljubljana, SI
4e0-1.core1.lju1.he.net
2001:470:1:5be::1
1.8ms0%AS6939HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US
5100ge0-0-0-5.core1.vie1.he.net
2001:470:0:578::1
8.3ms0%AS6939HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US
6100ge0-0-0-19.core2.fra2.he.net
2001:470:0:7ef::1
18.8ms0%AS6939HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US
7be3.core4.fra1.he.net
2001:470:e:5a::2
19.1ms0%AS6939HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US
8ffm-b14-link.ip.twelve99.net
2001:2035:0:26bf::1
19.2ms0%AS1299TWELVE99 - Arelion Sweden AB, SE
92001:2034:a:1e317.7ms0%-
10mno-b3-link.ip.twelve99.net
2001:2034:a:36c::1
27.1ms0%AS1299TWELVE99 - Arelion Sweden AB, SE
112a05:b580:1000:1:1200::226.5ms0%AS51569FIBERING - Fiberwide S.p.a., IT
122a05:b580:1000:1:1200::226.3ms0%AS51569FIBERING - Fiberwide S.p.a., IT
13if-vl5-tejat-dist-an.fastnet.it
2a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:106
34.5ms0%AS8265FASTNET-BKB-ASN - FASTNET S.R.L., IT
14if-vl5-diosocuri-dist-an.fastnet.it
2a02:2888:8265:100:195:96:194:105
34.2ms0%AS8265FASTNET-BKB-ASN - FASTNET S.R.L., IT
15*-0%-
16*-0%-
17*---
18*---
19*---
20*---
21*---
22*---
23*---
24*---

Rate-limited ICMPv6: hop 3 (loss between 5% and 95% across mtr cycles - the router replies but only sometimes).

tracepath -6

 1?: [LOCALHOST]                        0.025ms pmtu 1500
 1:  fw1-lju.6connect.com                                  2.672ms 
 1:  fw1-lju.6connect.com                                  4.733ms 
 2:  ccr-to-fw-ccr1-gw-lju.6connect.com                    1.694ms 
 3:  2a03:a100:0:201:1::1                                  1.808ms 
 4:  e0-1.core1.lju1.he.net                                2.063ms 
 5:  100ge0-0-0-5.core1.vie1.he.net                        7.927ms 
 6:  100ge0-0-0-19.core2.fra2.he.net                      19.398ms asymm  7 
 7:  be3.core4.fra1.he.net                                21.940ms asymm  8 
 8:  ffm-b14-link.ip.twelve99.net                         22.492ms asymm 11 
 9:  ffm-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net                         18.639ms asymm 13 
10:  fiberwidespa-ic-384502.ip.twelve99-cust.net          27.466ms asymm 13 
11:  fiberwidespa-ic-384502.ip.twelve99-cust.net          27.186ms asymm 13 
12:  2a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:1                        34.029ms asymm 10 
13:  2a02:2888:8265:1ff:0:5:1569:1                        32.528ms asymm 10 
14:  2a02:2888:8265:209::212                              33.386ms asymm 11 
15:  2a02:2888:8265:209::212                              32.916ms asymm 11 
16:  no reply
17:  no reply
18:  no reply
19:  no reply
20:  no reply
21:  no reply
22:  no reply
23:  no reply
24:  no reply
     Too many hops: pmtu 1500
     Resume: pmtu 1500